My review of chapter's eight, fourteen, fifteen and sixteen is that together the joints, the special senses of the body, the autonomic nervous system and the functions of the nervous system all work together as a whole in order to facilitate and uphold the correct and proper functioning of the body. The most difficult chapters for me to interpret and understand while studying were chapter's fourteen and fifteen. Chapter fourteen was difficult for me to understand because the nervous system functions contained so many different and diverse components all of which provided a role in the functioning of the nervous system. In chapter fourteen the difficult components for me to understand were the functions of the cerebellar comparator and the anterolator system. I was able to understand that the anterolateral system was the spinothalamic tract that conatined primory, secondary and tertiary neurons, however the part that confused me the most was that how could the spinothalamic tract help convey pain, temperature, light touch, pressure, tickle and itch.
Based on my reading of chapter fourteen, there were numerous types of receptors listed whose specific functions were related to the recognition ability of detecting the senses of pain, temperature, light touch, tickle and itch. For example, the mechanoreceptors, the nociceptors and the thermoreceptors were the receptors solely responsible for allowing the body to recognize the senses of the body and being able to detect when a stimuli is present upon the body surface. The direct and indirect pathways divided the descending motor parts into two distinctive groups, known as the pyramidal system and the extrapyramidal system. The difficult concept of understanding this material was that although both pathways contributed to the movement and control of the body's muscular system, each system controlled the opposite portion of the body. For example the direct pathways controlled the upper portion of the body, that being the movement of the head and the neck, however direct pathways contained a corticospinal tract and a cortibulbar tract. The corticospinal tract provided movements below the head, from my understand it provided neck movement, and the cortibulbar tract provided the direct movement in the head and neck, this concept originally confused me, however I was able to understand the concept of it by relating to an injury of the spinal cord, that being if either the cevical or thoracic lumbar is damaged , then therefore the direct and indirect pathways will be unable to function.
In chapter fifteen, the most dificult concept for me to understand was the process of olfaction and all of its components. The process involved in olfaction adaptation was largely confusing to me. I understood that olfaction was the sense of smell in response to the stimulation of sensory receptors in the olfactory region of the nose. In understanding the taste preception of the taste senses, I was able to fully understand all of the components involved with taste and the three types of nerves that helped carry out the function of taste. The visual system of chapter fifteen was an easy concept for me to grasp because I was able to understand that each component of the inner eye each contributed to a vital role as to how the eye was able to function at its full potential.
Chapter eight focused on all of the joints within the body and explained how each joint functioned throughout the body in order to provide movement of the body. Based on my reading there are numerous types of movement involved in the moving of the joints and that if a joint is overextended or stretched well beyond its limit, an injury may occur as a result. In dealing with the joints of an older adult, beacuse the cartilage tends to decrease as age increases, they are the most at risk for obtaining a decrease in the range of motion o f their bodies and should obtain a daily regimen of exercise to prevent the aging of their joints.
As a whole, studying the material for all four of the chapters was alot of information for me to process at one time and was difficult to understand in the beginning because I was trying to study the material together and at the same time try to figure out how all of the information contained within these four chapters all related to one another and how they all aided in the function of the nervous system. I was able to gain a better understanding of the material by going back and rereading the material of each chapter and focusing on one chapter at a time, instead of overwhelming myself with all of the information at one time.
The questions that I was able to come up with to help me gain a clear understanding of the material were:
What role did the functions of the nervous system play in the muscular system, the special senses and the autonomic nervous system?
How did the incorrect functioning of the nervous system negatively effect the joints and the autonomic nervous system of the body?
If damage occured to the autonomic and somatic nervous system would it have an impact on the nervous system altogether and the joints within the body?
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